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lesser extent precipitation explained some variation in local vegetation openness but heterogeneity remained is limited evidence for frequent fire activities in this period. These findings challenge the closed for modern conservation and rewilding particularly in maintaining diversity through disturbance and megafaunal This study reconstructs Last Interglacial vegetation in temperate Europe, revealing a highly heterogeneous closed-forest paradigm: Cross-scale vegetation structure in temperate Europe before the late-Quaternary megafauna
their implications. In this article we identify some of the key challenges faced in integrating long-term unclear precisely how our activities are altering them in part because ecosystems are dynamic systems structured Challenges: The Need to Model Socio-Environmental Systems in the Longue Durée
for both endemic vascular plants in neotropical regions and multi-taxa in tropical forests worldwide validating protection status. In conclusion this study provides insights into nature conservation efforts in areas with study evaluates the vulnerability of natural heritage in the Northeast Ecuadorian Amazon NEA from the perspective Vulnerability assessment of natural heritage in the North-Eastern Ecuadorian Amazon using land use cover
observed in contemporary OGFs can be attributed to the characteristics of maturity that have emerged in the existing paradigm of relict primary forests located in temperate Europe and to clarify their long-term dynamics Fagus sylvatica L.-Abies alba Mill. forest located in the montane belt of Romanian Carpathian Mountains extracted from one peat bog Romania and one lake France in proximity to six best-preserved Old-Growth Forests anthropogenic phases since c. 4000 BP. At the local scale in the heart of the OGFs we detected direct traces of beech-fir forest, the baseline natural forest ecosystem in the montane belt of temperate Europe: questioning
herbivores alive today in Europe are only a small remnant of the large species that existed in high diversity regeneration and tend to decline in closed dense forests. Quercus and Corylus may thrive in systems affected by megafauna fire whilst Taxus is fire-sensitive but can thrive in grazed systems. Using pollen-based reconstructions the proportional cover of these three focal taxa in the Last Interglacial 129 000 116 000 before present mid-Holocene 8700 5700 BP . 3. We found that woodlands in the Last Interglacial exhibited higher cover of Corylus abundance of disturbance-favoured trees and shrubs in European temperate woodlands prior to the late-quaternary
legacies of centuries-old charcoal making practices in a mountain forest of the northern Pyrenees.
advance exists at any other site in the Pyrenees or in the Alps elsewhere in Europe. We tentatively link this Age period. In this study we attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by dating four moraines in the Western-Central Western-Central Pyrenees using in situ chlorine-36 cosmic-ray exposure dating of moraine boulders. Ages of robust directly dated Holocene glacier chronology in the Pyrenees. The moraine age of 7.8 1.1 ka n 5 is interpretation of this Holocene glacial evolution in conjunction with the radiocarbon ages from nearby Holocene glacier evolution in the Pyrenees based on 36Cl cosmic-ray exposure dating (Troumouse Cirque
m should behave when crossing a human in a narrow corridor in order to increase its usability. Two experiments among humans is still an open problem especially in confined locations e.g. narrow corridors doors . at the human. Experiment 2 evaluated this behavior in real situations of pedestrians crossing a robot. second experiment showed that when crossing a human in a narrow corridor both modifying the robot trajectory for an anthropomorphic robot when crossing a human in a corridor. It should be conveyed both by altering Constraint and Head Gaze on Usability for Robot Navigation in a Corridor
game characteristics diversity on enjoyment in isolation and in interaction with game design factors systematic studies covered major aspects of game design such as in-game contents input output information and to a lesser meta-analysis showed that only the presence of music in the game had a significant effect on enjoyment. Other Player Enjoyment in Video Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Game Design
points. In a scenario-based experimental protocol participants were exposed to written scenarios in which respect to driver-related variables such as trust in ACs and contextual variables of the driving activity which a character is driven by a SAE level 3 AC in different combinations of conditions i.e. types of roads AC to drive and how fast they would manually drive in the same situation. Through analyses of variance do? Investigating speed preferences of drivengers in various driving conditions
